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<title>Chang Ch'ung-ho</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chang Ch'ung-ho</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="Zhang_(surname)" title="Zhang (surname)">Chang (Zhang)</a></i>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Chang Ch'ung-ho</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-hant">張充和</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Chang Ch'ung-ho was married to <a href="Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel" title="Hans Fränkel">Hans Fränkel</a> in November 1948 in Beijing.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">May 17, 1914<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912-49)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-49)">Republic of China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 17, 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-06-17)</span> (aged 101)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="New_Haven%2C_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Zhang Chonghe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Educator, writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Taohuayu</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1298804929">

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<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel" title="Hans Fränkel">Hans Fränkel</a></div>

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</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="November 1948">1948</span>; died <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="26 August 2003">2003</span>)<wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Emma Fränkel, Ian H. H. Frankel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Father: <a href="Zhang_Wuling" title="Zhang Wuling">Zhang Wuling</a><br>Mother: Lu Ying</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">Sisters: Chang Yuen-ho, Chang Yun-ho, Chang Chao-ho</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">張充和</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">张充和</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhāng Chōnghé</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chang Ch'ung-ho</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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<p><b>Chang Ch'ung-ho</b> or <b>Zhang Chonghe</b> (<a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">張充和</span>; May 17, 1914 – June 17, 2015),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known by her married name <b>Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel</b>, was a <a href="Chinese-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese-American">Chinese-American</a> poet, <a href="Calligrapher" class="mw-redirect" title="Calligrapher">calligrapher</a>, educator and <a href="Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a> opera singer. She is hailed as "the last talented woman of the <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Republic of China</a>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">民國最後一位才女</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Chang2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2></div>

<p>Chang Ch'ung-ho (Zhang Chonghe) was born in <a href="Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> in 1914, with her <a href="Ancestral_home_(Chinese)" title="Ancestral home (Chinese)">ancestral home</a> in <a href="Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, <a href="Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her great-grandfather, Zhang Shusheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張樹聲</span></span>), was a high-ranking military officer in the <a href="Huai_Army" title="Huai Army">Huai Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father, <a href="Zhang_Wuling" title="Zhang Wuling">Zhang Wuling</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張武齡</span></span>), was an educator.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother, Lu Ying (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">陸英</span></span>), was a housewife.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had six brothers and three sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her eldest sister, Chang Yuen-ho (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張元和</span></span>; 1907–2003), was a <a href="Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a> expert.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her second sister, <a href="Zhang_Yunhe" title="Zhang Yunhe">Zhang Yunhe</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張允和</span></span>; 1909–2002), was also a Kunqu expert.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her third sister, Chang Chao-ho (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張兆和</span></span>; 1910–2003), was a teacher and writer, and the wife of the celebrated novelist <a href="Shen_Congwen" title="Shen Congwen">Shen Congwen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>At the age of 21, she was accepted to <a href="Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>. After graduating from PKU, Chang Ch'ung-ho became an editor for the newspaper <i><a href="Central_Daily_News" title="Central Daily News">Central Daily News</a></i>.

</p><p>In 1947, Chang met <a href="Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel" title="Hans Fränkel">Hans Fränkel</a> at Peking University, they married in November 1948, and settled down in the United States in January 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chang1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-people.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-people.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a daughter, Emma Fränkel (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">傅愛瑪</span></span>) and a son, Ian Frankel. Ch'ung-ho taught at <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and 20 other universities, teaching traditional <a href="Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a>.

</p><p>After the <a href="Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, Chang visited <a href="Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a> in 1979.

</p><p>In 1986, Chang Ch'ung-ho and her sister Chang Yuen-ho attended a theatrical performance which was commemorated the 370 anniversary of the death of <a href="Tang_Xianzu" title="Tang Xianzu">Tang Xianzu</a> in <a href="Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.

</p><p>In the Autumn of 2004, Chang Ch'ung-ho held an exhibition of paintings in Beijing.

</p><p>On June 17, 2015, Chang Ch'ung-ho died in <a href="New_Haven%2C_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, aged 101.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2></div>

<ul><li><i>Taohuayu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">桃花魚</span></span>) or <i>Peach Blossom Fish</i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621034212/http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2015-06/11/content_287100.htm">"张充和·戏梦人生"</a>. <i><a href="Beijing_Evening_News" title="Beijing Evening News">Beijing Evening News</a></i> (in Chinese). June 11, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2015-06/11/content_287100.htm">the original</a> on June 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Chang2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chang2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.ifeng.com/a/20150618/15830_0.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">民国最后一位才女张充和逝世</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="Ifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifeng">Ifeng</a>. 2015-06-18.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Chang1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chang1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Chang1" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620141442/http://news.163.com/15/0618/09/ASCPSELP00011229.html?baike"><bdi lang="zh">"最后的才女"张充和去世合肥四姐妹成绝响</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="163.com" class="mw-redirect" title="163.com">163.com</a>. 2015-06-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/15/0618/09/ASCPSELP00011229.html?baike">the original</a> on 2015-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-20</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-people.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-people.com_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2015/0619/c70731-27182477.html"><bdi lang="zh">張充和去世被評"為九如巷張家的民國往事畫上句點"</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="People.cn" class="mw-redirect" title="People.cn">People.cn</a>. 2015-06-19.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.zynews.com/2015-06/19/content_10230850.htm">"张充和去世真正的女神一去不返"</a> (in Chinese). ZY News. June 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFChang2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Kang-i_Sun_Chang" title="Kang-i Sun Chang">Chang, Kang-i Sun</a> (2009). <i>Calligraphy of Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel: Selected Inscriptions</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChin2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Annping_Chin" title="Annping Chin">Chin, Annping</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gr_0N1tA8agC"><i>Four Sisters of Hofei: A History</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4391-2587-8</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

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